Punnett Square Generator (Monohybrid & Dihybrid)
Interactive Mendelian genetics solver generating Monohybrid (2×2) and Dihybrid (4×4) Punnett squares with genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Monohybrid Cross (2×2 Punnett Square)
Single-gene inheritance based on Mendel's Law of Segregation
1. Gamete Formation: During meiosis (Anaphase I), the paired homologous alleles separate so each gamete receives exactly one allele. Parent 1 produces gametes A (50%) and a (50%). Parent 2 produces A (50%) and a (50%).
2. Random Fertilization: The union of male and female gametes is an independent stochastic event. The probability of each cell combination is $0.50 \times 0.50 = 0.25$ (25%).
What is a Punnett Square?
A Punnett square is a visual grid diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of cross-breeding experiments according to Mendelian laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Formula & Step-by-Step Calculation
Combinations of parental maternal and paternal gamete alleles.
Worked Step-by-Step Examples
Heterozygous cross: Aa × Aa
Common Real-World & Academic Use Cases
- ✓ Predicting genetic disorder inheritance risks in medical counseling
- ✓ Plant crop breeding for hybrid vigor
- ✓ Livestock animal coat color genetics
How to Use the Punnett Square Generator (Monohybrid & Dihybrid)
Select Cross Type
Choose Monohybrid (1 trait) or Dihybrid (2 traits).
Input Parent Alleles
Enter parental genotypes (e.g. Aa × Aa or AaBb × AaBb).
Inspect Offspring Grid
View the populated Punnett square and calculated statistical ratios.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does a capital letter represent?
A capital letter (e.g. A) represents a dominant allele; a lowercase letter (e.g. a) represents a recessive allele.