About Fluid Continuity & Torricelli Efflux Calculator
Calculate fluid velocity changes through pipe contractions, venturi nozzles, and expansions using the continuity equation (A1 · v1 = A2 · v2). Also calculates gravity-driven tank discharge efflux velocity using Torricelli's law (v = √(2gh)).
Key Capabilities & Features
- Calculates velocity acceleration across pipe contractions and nozzle throats (A1v1 = A2v2)
- Computes total volumetric discharge in Liters per minute and cubic meters per second
- Torricelli's law calculation for free-discharge orifice jet velocity: v = √(2gh)
- Displays velocity multiplication factor through convergent nozzles
- Interactive inputs for diameters, inlet velocities, and static liquid head height
How to Use Fluid Continuity & Torricelli Efflux Calculator
Set Section Diameters
Enter inlet diameter D1 (mm) and contracted throat diameter D2 (mm).
Set Inlet Velocity
Specify approach velocity v1 in meters per second.
Review Discharge Velocity
Inspect throat velocity v2, total L/min flow rate, and Torricelli tank efflux speed.
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100% private fluid continuity calculation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the continuity equation in fluid mechanics?
For an incompressible fluid, mass conservation requires that volumetric flow rate remains constant throughout a closed conduit: Q = A1 · v1 = A2 · v2. Halving the pipe diameter quadruples the fluid velocity.
What is Torricelli's law?
Torricelli's law states that fluid efflux velocity through an orifice under a static liquid column of height h is identical to free-fall velocity: v = √(2 · g · h), assuming an open unpressurized tank.