Pressure, Stress & Vacuum Engineering Converter
Convert between Pascals (Pa), kPa, MPa, GPa, bar, mbar, standard atmospheres (atm), psi, ksi, Torr (mmHg), and inches of mercury (inHg) with an interactive ocean depth and altitude gauge SVG.
12 Units Available
| Unit Name | Symbol | Converted Value | Copy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pascal | Pa | 100 | |
| Kilopascal | kPa | 0.1 | |
| Megapascal (N/mm²) | MPa | 0.0001 | |
| Gigapascal | GPa | 1.0000e-7 | |
| Bar | bar | 0.001 | |
| Millibar (hPa) | mbar | 1 | |
| Standard Atmosphere | atm | 0.001 | |
| Pound per square inch | psi | 0.0145 | |
| Kilopound per square inch | ksi | 1.4504e-5 | |
| Torr (mmHg @ 0°C) | Torr | 0.7501 | |
| Inches of Mercury (60°F) | inHg | 0.0295 | |
| Millimeters of Water | mmH₂O | 10.1972 |
What is Pressure and Mechanical Stress?
Pressure is defined as normal force exerted per unit area ($P = F / A$), carrying SI dimensions $[M][L]^{-1}[T]^{-2}$. The SI unit is the Pascal ($1\,\text{Pa} = 1\,\text{N/m}^2$).
Mechanical engineers use MPa and GPa for material yield tensile stress, hydraulic technicians use bar and psi, meteorologists use millibar/hPa, and vacuum scientists measure chamber pressures in Torr or mTorr.
Formula & Step-by-Step Calculation
Standard atmospheric sea-level pressure definitions.
Worked Step-by-Step Examples
Convert 3,000 psi (hydraulic system pressure) to bar and Megapascals (MPa).
Common Real-World & Academic Use Cases
- ✓ High-pressure hydraulic, pneumatic, and pipeline safety factor testing
- ✓ Semiconductor sputtering and high-vacuum chamber pressure tracking in Torr
- ✓ Meteorological barometric weather forecasting in mbar and inHg
- ✓ Structural material yield strength and Young's modulus in MPa and GPa
How to Use the Pressure, Stress & Vacuum Engineering Converter
Input Pressure Value
Type any numeric pressure.
Select Unit
Choose Pa, bar, psi, atm, Torr, or MPa.
Inspect Depth Gauge
See the equivalent water depth column and atmospheric altitude.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is 1 Torr the same as 1 mmHg?
Yes, for virtually all practical purposes 1 Torr is defined as 1/760th of standard atmosphere, equal to 133.322 Pa, identical to 1 millimeter of mercury at 0°C.