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Stress & Factor of Safety Calculator

Computes internal mechanical stress and verifies structural safety against material yield strength.

Axial Tensile & Compressive Stress Solver

Normal Stress & Factor of Safety

Computes internal mechanical stress σ = F / A and evaluates design safety margins against yield strength σ_y.

Load Preset:

Axial Force F (N)25.00 kN

Cross Area A (mm²)

2.500e-4 m²

Yield Strength σ_y (MPa)36.3 ksi

Material failure threshold

Tensile Bar Stress Distribution & Axial Pull Schematic

Calculated Normal Stress

100 MPa

Equivalent to 14,503.8 psi (14.504 ksi)

Factor of Safety (SF = σ_y / σ)

2.5×

Safe Design (SF ≥ 2.0)

Safe Working Capacity

37.43 kN

Max allowable axial load recommended for a standard AISC structural Factor of Safety (SF = 1.67).

Step-by-Step Engineering Proof

Normal Stress σ = F / A = 25,000 N / 250 mm² = 100 MPa (N/mm²)

Factor of Safety SF = σ_yield / σ = 250 MPa / 100 MPa = 2.5

Mechanical stress is the internal force exerted by neighbouring particles of a continuous material across a unit surface area.

σ = F / A, Factor of Safety (SF) = σ_yield / σ_allowable

Internal axial stress and allowable safety factor.

Example 1

Solution: Stress σ = 100.00 MPa, Factor of Safety SF = 2.50 (Safe)

• σ = 25,000 N / 250 mm² = 100 MPa; SF = 250 / 100 = 2.50

Input applied force (N) and cross-sectional area (mm²).

Input material yield point (MPa).

Verify stress level and design safety factor.

Most civil and mechanical structures use safety factors between 1.5 and 2.5; aerospace applications often use 1.25 to 1.5 to minimize weight.